Logic in Critical Thinking

Logic in Critical Thinking

Deduction versus Induction Logic=Scientific Method
DEDUCTION
Draw a conclusion that follows know facts stated in premises
Relies on certainty based on connection of premises & conclusion
Valid Argument vs Sound Argument
Deductive reasoning can be used when the premises (reasons, facts, evidence, etc.) prove with absolute certainty that the conclusion is true, assuming the premises are true

INDUCTION
Derives probable conclusion from observation of diverse facts
Learning from experience
Argument by analogy
Hypothetical Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning is required when you cannot ascertain the absolute certainty of the conclusion based on given evidence, but you can establish probability
Terminology
Inductive strength: Deductive validity, truth of premises, sound
Probability: certainty
Reasoning from diverse facts: reasoning from known facts or assumed known facts
Types of Logical Arguments:
Generalization arguments
Hypothesis arguments
Analogical arguments
Conditional arguments
Syllogisms
Venn Diagrams